ASTM A688 304 316 304L 316L XM-29 Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe for Feedwater Heater Heat Exchanger
Material, Specification, Key Features
ASTM A688 is a standard that outlines the requirements for welded austenitic stainless steel pipes used in feedwater heater heat exchangers. These pipes are available in various grades, including 304, 316, 304L, 316L, and XM-29. Each grade offers specific properties suitable for different applications. The key features of these pipes include:
- High corrosion resistance: The stainless steel composition provides excellent resistance to corrosion, ensuring the longevity and reliability of the pipes in harsh environments.
- High temperature resistance: These pipes can withstand elevated temperatures without compromising their structural integrity, making them ideal for heat exchanger applications.
- Durability: The welded construction and high-quality stainless steel material contribute to the pipes' durability, ensuring long-term performance in demanding conditions.
Chemical Composition
The following table presents the chemical composition of the different steel grades used in ASTM A688 pipes:
| Steel Grade | C (%) | Mn (%) | P (%) | S (%) | Si (%) | Cr (%) | Ni (%) | Mo (%) |
| 304 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 18-20 | 8-10.5 | - |
| 316 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 16-18 | 10-14 | 2-3 |
| 304L | 0.03 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 18-20 | 8-12 | - |
| 316L | 0.03 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 16-18 | 10-14 | 2-3 |
| XM-29 | 0.045 | 1.50 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 16.0-18.0 | 12-14 | 2.0-3.0 |
Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of the ASTM A688 stainless steel pipes are summarized in the table below:
| Steel Grade | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength (0.2% Offset) (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Hardness (Brinell HB) |
| 304 | 515 | 205 | 35 | 201 |
| 316 | 515 | 205 | 35 | 217 |
| 304L | 485 | 170 | 35 | 201 |
| 316L | 485 | 170 | 35 | 217 |
| XM-29 | 550 | 275 | 25 | 277 |
Steel Grade, Application, Possible Alternative Grades
- Steel Grade: ASTM A688 covers the following steel grades: 304, 316, 304L, 316L, and XM-29.
- Application: These welded austenitic stainless steel pipes are specifically designed for use in feedwater heater heat exchangers. Their corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, and durability make them well-suited for this critical application, ensuring efficient heat transfer and reliable operation.
- Possible Alternative Grades: Depending on specific requirements, alternative grades such as duplex stainless steels (e.g., 2205, 2507) or nickel alloys (e.g., Alloy 400, Alloy 625) may be considered as substitutes. These alternative grades offer enhanced corrosion resistance or other specialized properties, catering to specific needs in feedwater heater heat exchanger applications.
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